README

A lightweight, zero-dependency, and type-safe implementation of Rust's Option<T> for PHP 7.1+. This library brings functional programming patterns to PHP, helping you eliminate null pointer exceptions and write more expressive, safer code.

✨ Features

PHP 7.1+ Compatibility: Fully supports all versions from PHP 7.1 up to PHP 8.4+.
Strict Rust API: Ported core methods from the Rust Standard Library (std::option).
Singleton None: Memory-efficient implementation using a singleton for the None type.
Global Helper Functions: Idiomatic Some() and None() functions for a clean development experience.
Type Safety: Encourages explicit handling of optional values, removing hidden null reference errors.

🚀 Installation

You can install the package via Composer:

composer require aphonix/option

📖 Quick Start

Basic Usage

use function Aphonix\\Option\\{Some, None};

// Wrap a value that exists  
$some \= Some("Aphonix");

// Represent the absence of a value  
$none \= None();

if ($some-\>is\_some()) {  
    echo $some-\>unwrap(); // Output: Aphonix  
}

Functional Chaining

Avoid defensive if (is_null($var)) nests with monad-style chaining:

$result = Some("  hello world  ")
    ->map('trim')
    ->map('strtoupper')
    ->filter(function ($s) {
        return strlen($s) > 5;
    })
    ->unwrap_or("DEFAULT");

echo $result; // Output: HELLO WORLD

Advanced: and_then (FlatMap)

Use and_then when your transformation closure returns an Option itself:

function find_user($id) {
    $users = [1 => ['name' => 'Alice']];
    return isset($users[$id]) ? Some($users[$id]) : None();
}

$name = Some(1)
    ->and_then('find_user')
    ->map(function ($user) { return $user['name']; })
    ->unwrap_or("Unknown");

echo $name; // Output: Alice

🛠 API Reference

Check Methods

Method	Description
`is_some(): bool`	Returns true if the option is a Some value.
`is_none(): bool`	Returns true if the option is a None value.
`is_some_and(callable $f): bool`	Returns true if the option is Some and the value inside matches the predicate.

Unwrapping Methods

Method	Description
unwrap()	Returns the inner value. Throws an Exception (Panic) if the value is None.
expect(string $msg)	Returns the inner value. Throws an Exception with a custom message if the value is None.
unwrap_or($default)	Returns the inner value if it exists, otherwise returns the provided default.
unwrap_or_else(callable $f)	Returns the inner value if it exists, otherwise returns the result of the closure.

Transformation & Filtering

Method	Description
map(callable $f): Option	Maps an Option<T> to Option<U> by applying a function to the contained value.
map_or($default, callable $f)	Returns the provided default result, or applies a function to the contained value.
filter(callable $f): Option	Returns None if the option is Some and the closure returns false.
and_then(callable $f): Option	Returns None if the option is None, otherwise calls the closure with the value and returns the result.

Logical Operations

Method	Description
and(Option $optB): Option	Returns None if the option is None, otherwise returns $optB.
or(Option $optB): Option	Returns the option if it contains a value, otherwise returns $optB.
xor(Option $optB): Option	Returns Some if exactly one of self, $optB is Some, otherwise returns None.

🧪 Testing

This project uses PHPUnit to ensure 100% logic coverage:

composer install  
./vendor/bin/phpunit tests

📄 License

The MIT License (MIT). Please see the License File for more information.

aphonix/option

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