README

Introduction

Huge thanks to Micheal Dyrynda, whose work inspired me to create this package based on laravel-model-nanoid but uses NanoId instead of UUID.

Why NanoID?

A tiny, secure, URL-friendly, unique string ID generator for PHP.

This package is PHP implementation of ai's nanoId. Read its documentation for more information.

• Fast. It is faster than NanoID.
• Safe. It uses cryptographically strong random APIs. Can be used in clusters.
• Compact. It uses a larger alphabet than NanoID (A-Za-z0-9_-). So ID size was reduced from 36 to 21 symbols.
• Customizable. Size, alphabet and Random Bytes Generator may be overridden.

Note: this package explicitly does not disable auto-incrementing on your Eloquent models. In terms of database indexing, it is generally more efficient to use auto-incrementing integers for your internal querying. Indexing your nanoId column will make lookups against that column fast, without impacting queries between related models.

Installation

This package is installed via Composer. To install, run the following command.

composer require parables/laravel-model-nanoid

Code Samples

In order to use this package, you simply need to import and use the trait within your Eloquent models.

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Parables\NanoId\GeneratesNanoId;

class Post extends Model
{
    use GeneratesNanoId;
}

It is assumed that you already have a field named nanoId in your database, which is used to store the generated value. If you wish to use a custom column name, for example if you want your primary id column to be a NanoID, you can define a static nanoIdColumn method in your model.

class Post extends Model
{
    public static function nanoIdColumn(): string
    {
        return 'id';
    }
}

Use NanoId as primary key

If you choose to use a NanoID as your primary model key (id), then use GeneratesNanoIdAsPrimaryKey trait on your model.

<?php

namespace App;

use Parables\NanoId\NanoIdAsPrimaryKey;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Post extends Model
{
    use NanoIdAsPrimaryKey;
}

And update your migrations

 Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
-     $table->id();
+     $table->string('id')->primary();
 });

This trait also provides a query scope which will allow you to easily find your records based on their NanoID, and respects any custom field name you choose.

// Find a specific post with the default (nanoId) column name
$post = Post::whereNanoId($nanoId)->first();

// Find multiple posts with the default (nanoId) column name
$post = Post::whereNanoId([$first, $second])->get();

// Find a specific post with a custom column name
$post = Post::whereNanoId($nanoId, 'custom_column')->first();

// Find multiple posts with a custom column name
$post = Post::whereNanoId([$first, $second], 'custom_column')->get();

Route model binding

Should you wish to leverage implicit route model binding on your nanoId field, you may use the BindsOnNanoId trait, which will use the value returned by nanoIdColumn(). Should you require additional control over the binding, you may override the getRouteKeyName method directly.

public function getRouteKeyName(): string
{
    return 'nanoId';
}

You can generate multiple NanoID columns for a model by returning an array of column names in the nanoIdColumns() method.

If you use the nanoIdColumns() method, then first element in the array must be the value returned by the nanoIdColumn() method which by default is nanoId. If you overwrite the nanoIdColumn() method, put its return value as the first element in the nanoIdColumns() return array.

When querying using the whereNanoId() scope, the default column - specified by nanoIdColumn() will be used.

class Post extends Model
{
    public static function nanoIdColumns(): array
    {
        return ['nanoId', 'custom_column'];
    }
}

The nanoIdColumns must return an array. You can customize the generated NanoId for each column by using an associative array where the key is the column name and the value is an array with an optional int size and string alphabet keys.

  public static function nanoIdColumns(): array
    {
        // Option 1: array of column names: this will use the default size and alphabets
        return ['nanoId', 'custom_column'];

        // Option 2: an array where each element is an array with a required 'key' property.
        // no id will be generated if key is null. 'size' and 'alphabet' properties are optional
        return [
            ['key'=>'nanoId'], // use the NanoId::SIZE_DEFAULT = 21; and NanoId::ALPHABET_DEFAULT
            ['key'=>'column_one', 'size' => 6, 'alphabets'=> NanoId::ALPHABET_NUMBERS],
            ['key'=>'column_two', 'size' => 10, 'alphabets'=> NanoId::ALPHABET_UUID],
        ];

          // Option 3: an array with a string key and an array value with an optional 'size' and 'alphabet' property. If a 'key' is passed in the value, it overwrites the original array 'key'.
        return [
            ['key'=>'nanoId'], // use the NanoId::SIZE_DEFAULT = 21; and NanoId::ALPHABET_DEFAULT
            'column_one' => ['size' => 6, 'alphabets'=> NanoId::ALPHABET_NUMBERS],
            // will use 'another_column' as the column name instead of 'column_two'
            'column_two' => ['key'=>'another_column', 'size' => 10, 'alphabets'=> NanoId::ALPHABET_UUID],
        ];
    }

The following options are available for the alphabet key.

    NanoId::ALPHABET_DEFAULT => '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ-_'
    NanoId::ALPHABET_NUMBERS =>'0123456789'NanoId::ALPHABET_NUMBERS_READABLE => '346789'
    NanoId::ALPHABET_LOWERCASE => 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
    NanoId::ALPHABET_LOWERCASE_READABLE => 'abcdefghijkmnpqrtwxyz'
    NanoId::ALPHABET_UPPERCASE => 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
    NanoId::ALPHABET_UPPERCASE_READABLE => 'ABCDEFGHIJKMNPQRTWXYZ'
    NanoId::ALPHABET_ALPHA_NUMERIC => '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
            // Numbers and English alphabet without unreadable letters: 1, l, I, 0, O, o, u, v, 5, S, s, 2, Z
    NanoId::ALPHABET_ALPHA_NUMERIC_READABLE => '346789abcdefghijkmnpqrtwxyzABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRTUVWXY'
            // Same as ALPHABET_ALPHA_NUMERIC_READABLE but with removed vowels and following letters: 3, 4, x, X, V.
    NanoId::ALPHABET_ALPHA_NUMERIC_READABLE_SAFE => '6789bcdfghjkmnpqrtwzBCDFGHJKLMNPQRTW'
    NanoId::ALPHABET_UUID => '0123456789abcdef'

Support

If you are having general issues with this package, feel free to contact me on Twitter.

If you believe you have found an issue, please report it using the GitHub issue tracker, or better yet, fork the repository and submit a pull request.

If you're using this package, I'd love to hear your thoughts. Thanks!

Treeware

You're free to use this package, but if it makes it to your production environment you are required to buy the world a tree.

It’s now common knowledge that one of the best tools to tackle the climate crisis and keep our temperatures from rising above 1.5C is to plant trees. If you support this package and contribute to the Treeware forest you’ll be creating employment for local families and restoring wildlife habitats.

You can buy trees here

Read more about Treeware at treeware.earth

Tools

• ID size calculator shows collision probability when adjusting the ID alphabet or size.

Credits

• Andrey Sitnik ai for Nano ID.
• Michael Dyrynda michaeldyrynda for laravel-model-uuid.
• Stanislav Lashmanov CyberAP for Predefined character sets to use with Nano ID.